In Himachal Pradesh, two predominant castes play a significant role in politics, while the role of OBC and SC/ST communities remains relatively marginal. This imbalance is largely due to the state’s social and economic dynamics. *Historical Context* The Indian caste system has historically influenced social and economic opportunities, with certain groups facing significant disadvantages. The… Read More »

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in society, addressing various social, economic, and environmental issues. Their roles are diverse and multifaceted: *Advocacy and Policy Influence:* 1. Lobbying for policy changes 2. Raising awareness on social issues 3. Promoting human rights and social justice *Service Delivery:* 1. Providing healthcare, education, and social services 2. Disaster… Read More »

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) in India made several key recommendations to promote ethics in governance. *Key Recommendations:* – *National Ombudsman*: The Commission suggested establishing a National Ombudsman, renamed ‘Rashtriya Lokayukta’, with constitutional status to investigate corruption cases against ministers, MPs, and public officials. – *Lokayukta*: It recommended making it obligatory for state governments… Read More »

India plays a significant role in the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), aiming to promote regional cooperation and development among member countries. *India’s Objectives in BIMSTEC:* 1. Strengthen regional ties with Southeast Asia and Southeast Asian nations. 2. Enhance economic cooperation, trade, and investment. 3. Promote connectivity, infrastructure development,… Read More »

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) is a strategic forum comprising India, the United States, Japan, and Australia, aimed at promoting peace, stability, and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region. *Objectives:* 1. Promote a rules-based international order 2. Ensure freedom of navigation and overflight 3. Counter terrorism and non-traditional security threats 4. Enhance economic cooperation and connectivity… Read More »

India has made significant efforts for the welfare of children through various initiatives, policies, and programs. Here are some notable ones: *Constitutional Provisions* 1. Article 15(3): Special provisions for children’s welfare. 2. Article 21-A: Right to Education (RTE) for children aged 6-14. 3. Article 39(e): Protection of children from exploitation. *Legislations* 1. Juvenile Justice (Care… Read More »