Five Years Plans and Vision for the developed Hill States – HPAS Mains

BACKGROUND: The concept of planning both social and economic is listed in the concurrent list which means that it is a concern of both the government. In 1946 itself, under the interim govt an ‘Advisory Planning Board’ was set up, under the chairmanship of K.C. Neyogi.  After independence, in 1950 the central agency of planning in India, PLANNING COMMISION was setup. In 1952, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL was formed, which finally approves the Five year plan. Prime minister of India is the chairman of planning commission and national development council.

Planning process primarily aims at socio-economic development of the mankind. For this on the hand, durable economic and social assets are to be built and; on the other hand sustainable gainful employment which could result in income generation to the needy people for leading a better quality of life.

STATE PLANNING BOARD

This is the apex planning body at the state level. It is headed by chief minister as its chairman and its member includes all the ministers, all the MP’s from the state, subject matter specialist in the important area, vice chancellors of the local universities, prominent public men and all the secretaries of the state. Prominent function includes determination of the development priorities, formulation of Five year and annual plans, review of the plan programmes and interregional as well as intra regional disparities and evolution of the plan program etc.

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

STATE LEVEL: the state planning department is organized into eight functional divisions as under:

1. Plan formulation division
2. Plan implementation and information division
3. Manpower planning division
4. Project formulation and review division
5. Evaluation division
6. Regional and district planning division
7. Administration division
8. Backward area sub-plan division

DISTRICT LEVEL: the planning machinery at the district level is headed by the chief planning officer. The ADC/ADM of the district has been ex-officio designated as the chief planning officer.

LOCAL DISTRICT PLANNING: The scheme was introduced in the years 1984-85. It envisages allocation of united funds to be the district based on a formula. The developmental works/assets which can be taken up under this category are-

Construction of school buildings, Construction of rural water schemes, Construction of motor able roads and roadways, Construction of minor irrigation schemes, Construction of multipurpose community centers etc.

VIKAS MEIN JAN SAHYOG: to ensure effective people’s participation towards fulfilling their development needs in terms of infrastructure at the grass root level as to supplement govts efforts and resources, the program “ gaon bhi apna kam bhi apna”, was started in the year 1991-92.

FIRST PLAN TO 12^TH FIVE YEAR PLAN: the era of development in Himachal Pradesh begun with the initiation of 1^st FY plan in the year 1951. Since then, 11 plan periods in the form of FY plans and 5 annual plans have gone through. The entire planning era from 1951 onwards is classified into following plan tenures:-

1. 1^st FY plan 1951-56
2. 2^nd FY plan 1956-61
3. 3^rd FY plan 1961-66
4. Annual plan 1966-67-68-69
5. 4^th FY plan 1969-74
6. 5^th FY plan 1974-78
7. Annual plan 1978-79-80
8. 6^th FY plan 1980-85
9. 7^th FY plan 1985-90
10. 8^th FY plan 1990-95
11. 9^th FY plan 1995-2000
12. Annual plan 2000-01-02
13. 10^th FY plan 2002-2007
14. 11^th FY plan 2007-2012
15. 12^th FY plan 2012-17

The budget and expenditure outlay for the schemes has been grouped under three classifications viz. (i) ECONOMIC SERVICES (ii) SOCIAL SERVICES (iii) GENERAL SERVICES.

8^TH FY Plan: The central thrust of the 8^th FYP is employment, to guarantee the right to work to every citizen through appropriate development programs. For this growth rate of more than 3% is required to clear the backlog of unemployment.

Removal of rural-urban disparities both with regard to (a) income and consumption per head and (b) access to education, health, transport, and other essential services.

Developing a comprehensive social policy and improving the quality of human resources through (i) emphasis on containment of population growth; (ii) a major overhaul of education policy to achieve the goal of elimination of illiteracy by the end of 1990and making education a resource for masses.

MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAM

In order to promote social justice and to improve the quality of life of the rural population vis-à-vis the urban areas, the minimum need program (MNP) continued to play an important role in development planning. MNP lays down the urgency for providing social services according to nationally accepted norms.  The components of this programme were:-

1. Rural electrification
2. Rural fuelwood

• Rural roads

1. elementary education
2. adult education
3. rural sanitation

• rural house site-cum-construction scheme
• environmental improvement of urban slums

1. nutrition
2. public distribution system

9^th FY plan: objectives

• quality of life to citizen
• generation of productive employment
• regional balance
• self-reliance 

States approach to 9^th plan: Himachal Pradesh was among few states to have achieved the plan investment targeted 9^th plan in real terms with achievements like;

• human development by reducing poverty by providing gainful employment opportunity and raising of per capita income
• Universalization of education through programs like ‘sarv shiksha abhiyan’ (from 7% literacy rate in 1951 census to 77.13% in next 50 years), primary education was made compulsory
• Health for all
• Housing under ‘Gandhi Kuteer Yojana

10^th FY plan: the 10^th plan envisaged a growth of 8.9%for the state. The state economy posted an impressive annual growth rate of 5.1% with objectives as;

• Hydel capacity addition of 6100MW by 2010
• To enhance productivity in agriculture/horticulture
• Vegetable production target of 10Lkh tones by 2007
• Up gradation of air,road,rail networks
• Universal rural connectivity to open up the economy
• To increase the private sector participation in tourism
• Consolidates the gains made in social service sector

Implementation of special programmes;

1. Pradhan Mantri Gramodya Yojana: started in 2000-2001 by GOI by replacing the ongoing BASIC MINIMUM SERVICES. Its focus area includes elementary education, primary health, safe drinking water, rural electrification and nutrition.
2. Bharat Nirman: for the development of basic rural infrastructure viz. irrigation, roads, rural housing, electrification and telecommunication etc.
3. National rural health mission: launched on 12^th April, 2005 with the objectives of universal access to public health services, prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases, access to integrated comprehensive primacy health care.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES DURING 11^TH FY PLAN

• SAVR SHIKSHA ABHIYAN: launched in the state during 2001-02. The abhiyan envisages bridging gender gap and social disparities at elementary level of education.
• MID DAY MEAL: launched in 2004 in all primary schools to enhance enrollment, retention and participation of children in learning besides improving nutritional status of children studying in 1^st to 8^th
• INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES (ICDS): initially launched in pooh block of district kinnaur oh HP later covered all parts of the states. The services provided in Aganwadies under ICDS project are supplementary nutrition, nutrition and health education, immunization, health check-ups and non- formal pre-school education.
• INDIRA AWAS YOJANA: launched in 1996, the physical and financial success of this scheme was seen during the 11^th FY plan.
• PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA: launched in 2000, the scheme is 100% centrally sponsored with the objectives of connecting every village of India with all-weather roads. Project launched in HP in December 2000, with the objective to connect habitation of population of 250 and above.
• JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION (JMMURM): For developing basic infrastructure in 63 cities of India with an aim of economically self-reliant, efficient, equitable, and responsive cities with high transparency and service level, to which SHIMLA was only city from HP to get qualified.

12^th FY Plan: Faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth

• Faster growth helps in achieving inclusiveness in two ways. 1^st, rapid growth of GDP would result in faster expansion in income and production and 2^nd revenue generated through this expansion used to finance critical programmes of inclusivess
• Meaning of inclusiveness; inclusiveness in poverty reduction, inclusiveness as group equality, inclusiveness as regional balance, inclusiveness as empowerment, inclusiveness through employment programmes
• Enhancing human capability through information technology
• Enhancing the reach of banking and insurance
• Managing natural resources and the environment
• More engagement with the world
• Sustainable development and natural resource management: HP has been 1^st state in the country to put a blanket ban on the felling of trees in the state and also came up with the ban on the use of plastic bags.

COMPARATIVE GROWTH RATE OF HP AND NATIONAL ECONOMY ECORDED DURING 5 YEAR PLANS:

PLAN PERIOD	AVG GROWTH RATE OF  HP	AVG GROWTH RATE OF ALL INDIA
1ST PLAN 1951-56	(+)1.6	(+)3.6
2ND  PLAN 1956-61	(+)4.4	(+)4.1
3RD   PLAN 1961-66	(+)3.0	(+)2.4
ANNUAL  PLAN 1966-69	(+)3.0	(+)4.1
4TH PLAN 1969-74	(+)3.0	(+)3.4
5TH   PLAN 1974-78	(+)4.6	(+)5.2
ANNUAL  PLAN 1978-80	(-)3.6	(+)0.2
6TH PLAN 1980-85	(+)3.0	(+)5.3
7TH PLAN 1985-90	(+)8.8	(+)6.0
ANNUAL PLAN 1990-92	(+)3.0	(+)5.0
8TH PLAN 1992-97	(+)6.3	(+)6.2
9TH PLAN 1997-2002	(+)6.4	(+)5.6
10TH PLAN 2002-07	(+)7.6	(+)7.8
ANNUAL PLAN 2007-08	(+)8.6	(+)9.3
ANNUAL PLAN 2008-09	(+)7.4	(+)6.7
ANNUAL PLAN 2009-10	(+)8.1	(+)8.4
ANNUAL PLAN 2010-11	(+)8.8	(+)8.4
ANNUAL PLAN 2011-12	(+)7.6	(+)6.9
ANNUAL REPORT	(+)9.1	(+)9.0

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